The evidence leans towards this: 13 of 15 directional studies support it.Working conclusion (automated, not yet expert-reviewed)
The evidence leans towards this: 13 of 15 directional studies support it.
This sentence is generated from the same numbers shown below — consensus share, confidence band and the number of indexed studies. Open any section to see exactly how it was reached.
Version 21 · WI-EV v1.7.0 · last swept 2026-11-02
How much and how good the evidence is, not whether the claim is true.
Too few, too old or too conflicting sources to specify from.
13 support · 2 contradict · 38 relevant – no direction · 15 directional
1990–2026
Confidence is limited most by volume of evidence (6/30).
Weighted in this order in the Evidence strength. Reviews are listed separately and never counted as directional studies (15 reviews). 4 duplicate records were merged (same title and authors under another identifier).
Nothing here is hidden — it is folded, so the answer stays readable. Open any section to see exactly how the numbers were produced.
Stance basis for the 53 pooled studies: 2 judged from full text · 51 abstract only. Full-text verdicts count only after a staff reviewer approves them.
15 directional studies, weighted by grade.
Mean evidence grade 59/100 across the pool.
84% of weighted directional evidence agrees.
92% published in peer-reviewed venues.
Median publication year 2022.
77% resolvable by DOI and independently checkable.
Comparative life cycle assessment of cross laminated timber building and concrete building with special focus on biogenic carbon
Energy and Buildings · 2022 · Grade A · Peer-reviewed
The CLT building had lower global-warming impact when biogenic carbon was included.
The carbon costs of global wood harvests
Nature · 2023 · Grade A · Peer-reviewed
The study characterizes wood harvest as imposing carbon costs and challenges accounting that portrays wood use as carbon-negative.
Test method: consequential life cycle assessment vs carbon-accounting approaches. Exposure: mid-rise apartment buildings vs global wood harvests.
Climate change mitigation effect of harvested wood products in regions of Japan
Carbon Balance and Management · 2015 · Grade B · Peer-reviewed
The model quantified a positive carbon-storage mitigation effect from harvested wood products.
Effects on Carbon Storage of Conversion of Old-Growth Forests to Young Forests
Science · 1990 · Grade B · Peer-reviewed
Even including carbon sequestered in wooden buildings, timber harvest produced a net atmospheric carbon dioxide flux.
Test method: production approach modelling vs simulations and mass balance calculations. Exposure: regions of Japan vs wooden buildings and harvested forests. Duration: projections to 2050 vs at least 200 years.
| Year | Published | Cumulative | Support | Contradict | Consensus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0% |
| 2009 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0% |
| 2010 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 50% |
| 2012 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 67% |
| 2013 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 72% |
| 2014 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 78% |
| 2015 | 1 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 82% |
| 2016 | 2 | 11 | 6 | 1 | 85% |
| 2017 | 2 | 13 | 6 | 1 | 85% |
| 2018 | 1 | 14 | 6 | 1 | 85% |
| 2019 | 3 | 17 | 6 | 1 | 85% |
| 2020 | 4 | 21 | 6 | 1 | 85% |
| 2021 | 4 | 25 | 6 | 1 | 85% |
| 2022 | 4 | 29 | 9 | 1 | 90% |
| 2023 | 5 | 34 | 11 | 2 | 82% |
| 2024 | 7 | 41 | 11 | 2 | 82% |
| 2025 | 6 | 47 | 13 | 2 | 84% |
| 2026 | 6 | 53 | 13 | 2 | 84% |
Ambrose Dodoo, Roger Sathre, Chiara Piccardo · 2026 · Environmental Impact Assessment Review · doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108213 · Mechanism / chemistry
Timber-frame biogenic-carbon models differed significantly, but no direction for net service-life storage is stated.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 4 citations
Peer-reviewed
Michał Pierzchalski · 2026 · Drewno Prace Naukowe Doniesienia Komunikaty = Wood Research Papers Reports Announcements · doi:10.53502/wood-209238 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study compares construction-wood sequestration, emissions, and end-of-life scenarios without reporting a net service-life storage finding.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 1 citations
Peer-reviewed
D Von Dufving, Andrew Norton, Patricia Schneider-Marin et al. · 2026 · Resources Conservation & Recycling Advances · doi:10.1016/j.rcradv.2026.200389 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study models biogenic carbon in construction wood products, but the available abstract reports no quantified net storage finding.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 0 citations
Peer-reviewed
Determining species- and tissue-sensitive biogenic carbon content in wood for LCA
D Von Dufving, Marijke Steeman, Liselotte De Ligne · 2026 · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1615/1/012015 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study quantifies species- and tissue-specific carbon content but does not establish net storage over a building service life.
Conference paper (not journal peer review)
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade D · 0 citations
Not peer-reviewed
Baiyu Chen, M. Eckelman, Michelle Laboy et al. · 2026 · Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability · doi:10.1088/2634-4505/ae368d · Mechanism / chemistry
The abstract describes CLT carbon storage as a potential benefit but provides no measured net storage result over service life.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 1 citations
Peer-reviewed
Ya-ling Yi, Youssef Haddi, Haoyu Huang · 2026 · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18168113 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study evaluates timber end-of-life circularity and carbon benefits, but the truncated abstract reports no net storage finding.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 0 citations
Peer-reviewed
Bragança, Luís, García Martínez, Antonio, Hoxha, Endrit et al. · 2025 · DataCite MDS · doi:10.3929/ETHZ-B-000709043 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study compares national carbon-storage LCA methods but reports no net storage finding over the building service life.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade D · 0 citations
Not peer-reviewed
Nadia Zahabi, Hongmei Gu, Meng Gong et al. · 2025 · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings15071192 · Mechanism / chemistry
The whole-building LCA evaluates a mass-timber hybrid, but the available abstract states no biogenic-storage result.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 8 citations
Peer-reviewed
Global carbon storage in harvested wood products: a forest sector model inter-comparison
Madisen Fuller, Justin S Baker, Adam Daigneault et al. · 2025 · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ae0ce0 · Mechanism / chemistry
Harvested wood products are identified as a significant long-term source of carbon sequestration.
Supports
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 3 citations
Peer-reviewed
Sovanrath Ou, Amin Nabati, Muzan Williams Ijeoma et al. · 2025 · World Conference on Timber Engineering 2025 · doi:10.52202/080513-0608 · Mechanism / chemistry
The title describes a wood floor designed for biogenic carbon storage but reports no demonstrated storage benefit.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 2 citations
Peer-reviewed
Muzan Williams Ijeoma, Sovanroth Ou, Amin Nabati et al. · 2025 · Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability · doi:10.1088/2634-4505/adf665 · Mechanism / chemistry
The entirely wood floor system is explicitly designed for carbon negativity across adaptation and end-of-life stages.
Supports
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 1 citations
Peer-reviewed
Aayusha Chapagain, P. Crovella · 2025 · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17125602 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study calculates embodied emissions and biogenic storage for a CLT building, but no result is provided.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 6 citations
Peer-reviewed
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF LOW CARBON SANDWICH PANELS WITH WOOD FIBRE CORE
Luana Tesch, Helena Gervásio, Hélder D. Craveiro · 2024 · ce/papers · doi:10.1002/cepa.3025 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study analyzes wood-fibre sandwich panels and biogenic carbon but reports no net storage result in the available abstract.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 0 citations
Peer-reviewed
Nuria Goldáraz-Salamero, Jorge Sierra-Pérez, Francesco Negro et al. · 2024 · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175601 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study analyzes biogenic carbon and end-of-life scenarios for construction wood, but reports no directional finding.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 7 citations
Peer-reviewed
Célestin de Serres-Lafontaine, Pierre J. Blanchet, Stéphane Charron et al. · 2024 · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111499 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study evaluates CLT envelope LCA and hygrothermal performance, but the abstract provides no carbon-storage result.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 17 citations
Peer-reviewed
Camilla Marlene Ernst Andersen, Inge Stupak, Endrit Hoxha et al. · 2024 · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107805 · Mechanism / chemistry
The integrated method produced lower building greenhouse-gas estimates than static LCA, without isolating a net service-life storage benefit.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 12 citations
Peer-reviewed
Modeling wood product carbon flows in southern us pine plantations: implications for carbon storage
Sarah J. Puls, Rachel L. Cook, Justin Scott Baker et al. · 2024 · Carbon Balance and Management · doi:10.1186/s13021-024-00254-4 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study models carbon flows from timber harvest into products, but the truncated results provide no directional storage finding.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 15 citations
Peer-reviewed
Camilla Marlene Ernst Andersen, Endrit Hoxha, Freja Nygaard Rasmussen et al. · 2024 · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141260 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study examines temporal LCA for wooden buildings, but the available abstract provides no directional result.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 33 citations
Peer-reviewed
C M Ouellet-Plamondon, M Balouktsi, L Delem et al. · 2024 · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1363/1/012059 · Mechanism / chemistry
Full text: Results are method- and end-of-life-dependent: only some national assessments found net-negative balances, and the calculations did not account for service-life length or verify permanent storage. — “For the softwood beams, the assessments from Canada and New Zealand show a net negative biogenic CO2 balance considering phases A1-A3, A4-A5, and C1-C4.”
Also indexed as: doi:10.5445/IR/1000172840
Relevant – no direction
Judged from full text
Grade C · 0 citations
Peer-reviewed
Zhou Shen, Lorie Hamelin, Ligia Tiruta-Barna · 2023 · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136040 · Mechanism / chemistry
The title indicates time-dependent carbon assessment of plantation wood used in buildings but states no net result.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 14 citations
Peer-reviewed
Giacomo Di Ruocco, Angela Gaita · 2023 · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings13071722 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study investigates carbon storage in timber buildings, but the available abstract reports no directional result.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 5 citations
Peer-reviewed
Jianheng Zhao, Xinyuan Wei, Jiaojiao Diao et al. · 2023 · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2023.106934 · Mechanism / chemistry
The title identifies end-use harvested wood products as plausible stores of atmospheric carbon.
Supports
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 12 citations
Peer-reviewed
Carbon footprint assessment of a wood multi-residential building considering biogenic carbon
Claudiane Ouellet‐Plamondon, L Ramseier, Maria Balouktsi et al. · 2023 · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136834 · Mechanism / chemistry
Full text: The analysis finds that timber stores biogenic carbon throughout its building service period, though this benefit is temporary unless carbon is permanently sequestered at end of life. — “For as long as the wood products are in service in a building, they lock biogenic carbon in, and buildings therefore function as carbon storage facilities.”
Supports
Judged from full text
Grade B · 72 citations
Peer-reviewed
The carbon costs of global wood harvests
Liqing Peng, Timothy D. Searchinger, Jessica Zionts et al. · 2023 · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06187-1 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study characterizes wood harvest as imposing carbon costs and challenges accounting that portrays wood use as carbon-negative.
Contradicts
Judged from abstract
Grade A · 213 citations
Peer-reviewed
Estimation of carbon stocks in wood products for private building companies
Ryoto Matsumoto, Chihiro Kayo, Satoshi Kita et al. · 2022 · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-23112-0 · Mechanism / chemistry
Wood products in wooden houses continued functioning as carbon storage after harvest.
Supports
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 14 citations
Peer-reviewed
Roni Rinne, Hüseyin Emre Ilgın, Markku Karjalainen · 2022 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19020774 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study assesses 50-year building carbon footprints, but the excerpt reports no finding on net biogenic carbon storage.
Found by citation chaining — cites doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.112
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade A · 111 citations
Peer-reviewed
Julie Hansted Andersen, Nana Lin Rasmussen, Morten Walbech Ryberg · 2022 · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111604 · Mechanism / chemistry
The CLT building had lower global-warming impact when biogenic carbon was included.
Supports
Judged from abstract
Grade A · 118 citations
Peer-reviewed
Ryoto Matsumoto, Chihiro Kayo · 2022 · Journal of Wood Science · doi:10.1186/s10086-022-02035-4 · Mechanism / chemistry
Direct inventory found substantial carbon stocks in Japanese building wood products, exceeding flux-method estimates by about 56%.
Supports
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 7 citations
Peer-reviewed
Whole‐life embodied carbon in multistory buildings: Steel, concrete and timber structures
Jim Hart, Bernardino D’Amico, Francesco Pomponi · 2021 · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.13139 · Mechanism / chemistry
The comparison includes timber whole-life embodied carbon, but the available abstract reports no storage finding.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade A · 218 citations
Peer-reviewed
Yishu Niu, Kaarle Rasi, Mark Hughes et al. · 2021 · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105555 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study assesses timber reuse and climate-abatement potential but gives no specific net biogenic storage finding.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade A · 107 citations
Peer-reviewed
Temporally-differentiated biogenic carbon accounting of wood building product life cycles
Marieke Head, Michael Magnan, Werner A. Kurz et al. · 2021 · SN Applied Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42452-020-03979-2 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study tracks biogenic carbon through long-life wood buildings, but no net storage result is provided.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 53 citations
Peer-reviewed
On the embodied carbon of structural timber versus steel, and the influence of LCA methodology
Freya Morris, Stephen Allen, Will Hawkins · 2021 · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108285 · Mechanism / chemistry
The title compares timber embodied carbon with steel but states no directional finding on biogenic storage.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 73 citations
Peer-reviewed
Dynamic greenhouse gas life cycle inventory and impact profiles of wood used in Canadian buildings
Marieke Head, Annie Levasseur, Robert Beauregard et al. · 2020 · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106751 · Mechanism / chemistry
The title indicates dynamic greenhouse-gas assessment of wood in buildings but reports no directional carbon-storage finding.
Found by citation chaining — reference of doi:10.5334/bc.46
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 69 citations
Peer-reviewed
GHG displacement factors of harvested wood products: the myth of substitution
Philippe LETURCQ · 2020 · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77527-8 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study challenges substitution benefits and carbon neutrality, not whether construction products retain biogenic carbon during their service life.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 90 citations
Peer-reviewed
Zhongjia Chen, Hongmei Gu, Richard D. Bergman et al. · 2020 · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12114708 · Mechanism / chemistry
The cradle-to-grave comparison bears on mass-timber carbon performance, but the excerpt provides no biogenic storage result.
Found by citation chaining — cites doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.112
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade A · 123 citations
Peer-reviewed
Kai Lan, Stephen S. Kelley, Prakash Nepal et al. · 2020 · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abc5e6 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study models cradle-to-grave CLT carbon dynamically, but the available abstract reports no directional storage result.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 91 citations
Peer-reviewed
Ján Parobek, Hubert Paluš, Martin Moravčík et al. · 2019 · Forests · doi:10.3390/f10070590 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study compares utilization scenarios affecting long-life product carbon stocks, but the available abstract reports no scenario results.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 23 citations
Peer-reviewed
Improvement of Biogenic Carbon Accounting in the Life Cycle of Wood used in Construction in Canada
Marieke Head · 2019 · PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal) · Mechanism / chemistry
The title concerns biogenic-carbon accounting for construction wood but states no directional finding.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade D · 0 citations
Not peer-reviewed
Carbon storage and CO2 dynamics from wood products harvested in Brazil during 1900–2016
Carlos Roberto Sanquetta, Margarida Tomé, Ana Cláudia Dias et al. · 2019 · Carbon Management · doi:10.1080/17583004.2019.1630242 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study evaluates Brazilian harvested-product stocks and fluxes, but the truncated abstract provides no findings about long-lived construction products.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 5 citations
Peer-reviewed
Marius Aleinikovas, Gediminas Jasinevičius, Mindaugas Škėma et al. · 2018 · Forests · doi:10.3390/f9120737 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study compares harvested-wood carbon accounting methods without reporting a finding establishing net storage through building service life.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 14 citations
Peer-reviewed
Diego Peñaloza, Martin Erlandsson, Anna Pousette · 2017 · Structure and Infrastructure Engineering · doi:10.1080/15732479.2017.1327545 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study assesses biogenic carbon storage in wooden bridges, but the available abstract reports no directional findings.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 22 citations
Peer-reviewed
Modeling Carbon Sequestration In Harvested Wood Products
Laurel Bates · 2017 · NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) · doi:10.71889/5fylantbak.29861492 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study tests credit sensitivity and decay models, but the available abstract reports no directional storage result.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 0 citations
Peer-reviewed
Julie Lyslo Skullestad, Rolf André Bohne, Jardar Lohne · 2016 · Energy Procedia · doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.112 · Mechanism / chemistry
The timber-versus-concrete LCA uses multiple biogenic-carbon approaches, but no comparative result is reported.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 206 citations
Not peer-reviewed
Pau Brunet‐Navarro, Hubert Jochheim, Bart Muys · 2016 · Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change · doi:10.1007/s11027-016-9722-z · Mechanism / chemistry
The model identifies longer product lifespans as a determining option for enhancing carbon stocks in wood products.
Supports
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 65 citations
Peer-reviewed
Climate change mitigation effect of harvested wood products in regions of Japan
Chihiro Kayo, Yuko Tsunetsugu, Mario Tonosaki · 2015 · Carbon Balance and Management · doi:10.1186/s13021-015-0036-3 · Mechanism / chemistry
The model quantified a positive carbon-storage mitigation effect from harvested wood products.
Supports
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 46 citations
Peer-reviewed
The Carbon Impacts of Wood Products
Richard D. Bergman, Maureen Puettmann, Adam Taylor et al. · 2014 · Forest Products Journal · doi:10.13073/fpj-d-14-00047 · Mechanism / chemistry
Wood products sequester atmospheric carbon and yield favorable carbon impacts compared with nonwood alternatives.
Supports
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 164 citations
Peer-reviewed
Joost G. Vogtlander, Natascha M. van der Velden, Pablo van der Lugt · 2013 · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-013-0629-6 · Mechanism / chemistry
The title proposes an LCA sequestration method for wood and bamboo but states no directional finding on construction-product storage.
Found by citation chaining — reference of doi:10.5334/bc.46
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 111 citations
Peer-reviewed
Yang Hong-qian · 2013 · 自然资源学报 · Mechanism / chemistry
Delayed carbon emissions make harvested wood products carbon pools with substantial emission-reduction effects.
Supports
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 3 citations
Peer-reviewed
Keith D. Stockmann, Nathaniel Anderson, Kenneth E. Skog et al. · 2012 · Carbon Balance and Management · doi:10.1186/1750-0680-7-1 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study estimates harvested-product storage and states that harvested carbon remains stored in wood products for many decades.
Supports
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 80 citations
Peer-reviewed
Characterizing the Importance of Carbon Stored in Wood Products
Bruce R. Lippke, Jim Wilson, Jamie K. Meil et al. · 2010 · Wood and Fiber Science (Society of Wood Science and Technology) · Mechanism / chemistry
The life-cycle assessment includes wood in residential structures, but the available abstract omits its comparative carbon results.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade C · 80 citations
Peer-reviewed
Yuko Tsunetsugu, Mario Tonosaki · 2010 · Journal of Wood Science · doi:10.1007/s10086-009-1107-4 · Mechanism / chemistry
The title identifies carbon removal from carbon storage in harvested wood products through 2050.
Supports
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 43 citations
Peer-reviewed
Forest management and carbon sequestration in wood products
Ingolf Profft, Martina Mund, Georg-Ernst Weber et al. · 2009 · European Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1007/s10342-009-0283-5 · Mechanism / chemistry
The study quantifies carbon stocks and lifetimes of primary wood products, but the available abstract supplies no resulting values or direction.
Stance not stated in abstract
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 133 citations
Peer-reviewed
Effects on Carbon Storage of Conversion of Old-Growth Forests to Young Forests
Mark E. Harmon, William K. Ferrell, Jerry F. Franklin · 1990 · Science · doi:10.1126/science.247.4943.699 · Mechanism / chemistry
Even including carbon sequestered in wooden buildings, timber harvest produced a net atmospheric carbon dioxide flux.
Contradicts
Judged from abstract
Grade B · 819 citations
Peer-reviewed
Piyush Khairnar, Banan Alzoubi · 2026 · International Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology · doi:10.15377/2409-9821.2026.13.3
Morwenna J. Spear, Jim Hart · 2025 · Forests · doi:10.3390/f16071162
Life Cycle Assessment with Carbon Footprint Analysis in Glulam Buildings: A Review
Ruijing Liu, Lihong Yao, Yingchun Gong et al. · 2025 · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings15122127
Muzan Williams Ijeoma, Sovanroth Ou, Amin Nabati et al. · 2025 · doi:10.1088/2634-4505/adf145
Maarit Kallio, Silke Houtmeyers, Ana Aza · 2023 · Environmental and Climate Technologies · doi:10.2478/rtuect-2023-0020
The potential for storing carbon by harvested wood products
Jianheng Zhao, Xinyuan Wei, Ling Li · 2022 · Frontiers in Forests and Global Change · doi:10.3389/ffgc.2022.1055410
Joseph Abed, Scott Rayburg, John Rodwell et al. · 2022 · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14095570
Life cycle assessment of mass timber construction: A review
Zhuocheng Duan, Qiong Huang, Qi Zhang · 2022 · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109320
Cross-laminated timber for building construction: A life-cycle-assessment overview
Adel Younis, Ambrose Dodoo · 2022 · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104482
Emerging Engineered Wood for Building Applications
Yu Shi Ding, Zhenqian Pang, Kai Lan et al. · 2022 · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00450
Camilla Marlene Ernst Andersen, Freja Nygaard Rasmussen, Guillaume Habert et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Built Environment · doi:10.3389/fbuil.2021.729096
Biogenic carbon in buildings: a critical overview of LCA methods
Endrit Hoxha, Alexander Passer, Marcella Ruschi Mendes Saade et al. · 2020 · Buildings and Cities · doi:10.5334/bc.46
Charles Breton, Pierre J. Blanchet, Ben Amor et al. · 2018 · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10062020
LG Tellnes, Christelle Ganne‐Chèdeville, Ana Cláudia Dias et al. · 2017 · iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry · doi:10.3832/ifor2386-010
A synthesis of current knowledge on forests and carbon storage in the United States
Duncan C. McKinley, Michael G. Ryan, Richard A. Birdsey et al. · 2011 · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/10-0697.1
Last search 2026-11-02 · WI-EV v1.7.0 · 0 new records added to the queue (0 from 0 citation-chain records, 0 from 13 IRG-WP documents). Every record passes the same wood-domain rule and relevance classifier; screened counts are unique records across all queries and sources.
Queries used (6)
Sources: 16 open registries (primary query) · OpenAlex wood-domain search (all queries) · IRG-WP documents (all queries) · OpenAlex citation chaining
Retaining Forest Biomass by Reducing Logging Damage
The study measures forest biomass retained through reduced logging damage, not carbon storage in timber construction products.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.2307/2389193
The Costs of Carbon Sequestration: A Revealed-Preference Approach
The study concerns forest growth as carbon sequestration, not carbon stored in long-lived timber construction products.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1257/aer.89.4.994
Bioenergy Crops and Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration by bioenergy crops concerns fuel feedstocks and soils, not long-lived timber construction products.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1080/07352680590910393
Where are Europe’s last primary forests?
Mapping and conservation analysis of European primary forests does not examine timber construction or building-life carbon storage.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1111/ddi.12778
Global meta‐analysis of wood decomposition rates: a role for trait variation among tree species?
Decomposition of woody debris in forests represents a different product and exposure from long-lived timber construction.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01259.x
Angiosperm wood structure: Global patterns in vessel anatomy and their relation to wood density and potential conductivity
Angiosperm vessel anatomy, density, and hydraulic conductivity do not address construction-product carbon storage.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.3732/ajb.0900178
Forest management in southern China generates short term extensive carbon sequestration
Aboveground carbon gains from forest land-use changes do not test storage in timber construction products.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13798-8
The enduring world forest carbon sink
Global forest carbon uptake is measured without evaluating timber construction products over building service lives.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07602-x
Forest Floor Characteristics within a Small Plot in Douglas‐Fir in Western Washington
Forest-floor mass, water, and nutrients beneath a plantation do not assess timber-product carbon storage.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.2136/sssaj1971.03615995003500060037x
Stand and Soil Changes Along A Mountain Hemlock Death and Regrowth Sequence
Forest ecosystem carbon changes after mountain hemlock death do not concern construction products.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.2307/1941019
Decomposition and nutrient release in Douglas-fir needle litter in relation to stand development
Needle-litter decomposition in forest stands is unrelated to carbon storage in timber buildings.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1139/x79-025
Accumulation of Organic Matter in a Series of Douglas-fir Stands
Stand biomass accumulation and wood productivity do not measure carbon retained in timber construction products.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1139/x75-094
Conifer fine root and mycorrhizal root biomass within the forest floors of Douglas-fir stands of different ages and site productivities
Fine-root biomass in living Douglas-fir forests does not assess timber construction products or building-life carbon storage.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1139/x83-065
Old‐Growth Pseudotsuga menziesii Communities of a Western Oregon Watershed: Biomass Distribution and Production Budgets
The work quantifies biomass and organic matter in old-growth forest communities rather than construction products.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.2307/1942174
Changes in Forest Floor Organic Matter and Nutrient Content Following Clear Cutting in Northern Hardwoods
The study examines forest-floor organic matter after clear-cutting, not building-product carbon storage.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.2307/1936666
Coarse Woody Debris in Douglas‐Fir Forests of Western Oregon and Washington
The study measures coarse woody debris in forests rather than carbon retained in timber construction products.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.2307/1941147
Carbon Dioxide Exchange Between Atmosphere and Ocean and the Question of an Increase of Atmospheric CO2 during the Past Decades
The study examines atmospheric-oceanic carbon dioxide exchange, using wood only for isotope evidence.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.3402/tellusa.v9i1.9075
Extension and validation of forest carbon flux model for dynamic Life Cycle Assessment
The work develops a managed-forest carbon flux model without specifically evaluating carbon storage in timber buildings.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1007/s11367-026-02695-0
Time dynamic climate impacts of a eucalyptus pulp product: Life cycle assessment including biogenic carbon and substitution effects
The assessed product is a pulp-based beverage carton rather than a long-lived timber construction product.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1111/gcbb.12894
Assembly history dictates ecosystem functioning: evidence from wood decomposer communities
The experiment concerns fungal decomposition and carbon release from wood in ecological communities, not construction products.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01465.x
Evaluation of the environmental impacts of wood products for bio-energy through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
The work evaluates short-lived wood bioenergy and combustion emissions rather than timber construction products.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
From carbon neutral to climate neutral: Dynamic life cycle assessment for wood‐based panels produced in China
The study addresses dynamic climate accounting for wood-based panels without identifying them as long-lived building products.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1111/jiec.13286
Prospective climate change impacts of Swiss forest management and wood utilization strategies by integrating biogenic carbon dynamics
The study evaluates national forest-management and wood-utilization strategies rather than timber storage over a building service life.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108692
A Comparative Parametric Study on Dynamic Biogenic Carbon of Harvested Wood Products: Biomass Rotation Period vs. Product Lifetime
The study examines generic harvested wood product lifetimes without establishing results for timber construction products.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.3390/en16073163
The Consequential Climate Impact of Bioenergy and Wood Products: A New Framework for the Assessment of Biogenic Carbon
The study develops a general biogenic-carbon accounting framework rather than testing long-lived timber construction products.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1111/gcbb.70169
Wood product carbon substitution benefits: a critical review of assumptions
The review evaluates substitution displacement factors, not biogenic carbon retained in timber products over building service life.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1186/s13021-021-00171-w
Advanced Timber Construction Industry: A Review of 350 Multi-Storey Timber Projects from 2000–2021
The review examines architectural typologies and structural systems rather than carbon storage or life-cycle climate performance.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.3390/buildings12040404
Wood buildings as a climate solution
The finding concerns avoided construction-phase emissions from material substitution, not biogenic carbon storage during building service life.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1016/j.dibe.2020.100030
Long‐term Coordination of Timber Production and Consumption Using a Dynamic Material and Energy Flow Analysis
The model analyzes regional timber production, consumption, waste, and energy flows without reporting building carbon-storage benefits.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1162/1088198042442342
Environmentally optimal wood use in Switzerland—Investigating the relevance of material cascades
The title concerns optimal wood-use cascades but states no finding about construction-product carbon storage.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.12.026
A Vision for the Future
The paper discusses the preservation industry's future without evaluating carbon storage in long-lived timber construction.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
Rates of emission from CCA-treated wood in the marine environment: measurement, modelling and requirements for further research
The study measures preservative leaching from marine wood rather than biogenic carbon storage in buildings.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
Methods for improving preservative penetration into wood: a review
The review addresses preservative penetration into refractory wood, not biogenic carbon benefits over building service life.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
Permethrin: A Critical Review of an Effective Wood Preservative Insecticide
The review concerns permethrin efficacy against wood-destroying organisms, not building-product carbon storage.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
Extracellular mucilage (ECM) in wood decay basidiomycetes
The study examines fungal mucilage and biomass production, not biogenic carbon storage in timber construction.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
Classification, Production, and Carbon Stock of Harvested Wood Products in China from 1961 to 2012
The study accounts for aggregate Chinese harvested wood products rather than carbon retained in timber buildings over their service lives.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.15376/biores.9.3.4311-4322
Carbon Stocks in Harvested Wood Products in Various Countries of the World
The study estimates national aggregate harvested-wood-product stocks without isolating long-lived timber construction products or building service lives.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.2488/jwrs.66.76
A review of structural, thermo-physical, acoustical, and environmental properties of wooden materials for building applications
The broad review title does not specifically establish biogenic carbon storage over a building service life.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.3.0 · 2026-10-14
doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.12.033
Accounting for Biogenic Carbon and End-of-Life Allocation in Life Cycle Assessment of Multi-Output Wood Cascade Systems
The study concerns multi-output wood cascade systems rather than long-lived timber construction products over a building service life.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.2.0 · 2026-10-12
doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122795
A Summary of Life‐cycle Assessment Focusing on Embodied Carbon of Steel, Timber, and Concrete
The title addresses comparative embodied carbon without specifically testing biogenic storage over timber buildings’ service lives.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.2.0 · 2026-10-12
doi:10.1002/9781394300556.ch02
Life Cycle Assessment in Timber Construction and Existing Stock
The title mentions timber-construction LCA but does not identify biogenic carbon storage or service-life performance.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.2.0 · 2026-10-12
doi:10.11129/9783955536596-004
Balancing the green carbon cycle — Biogenic carbon within life cycle assessment
The paper evaluates general biogenic carbon accounting methods without establishing storage benefits for timber construction products.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.2.0 · 2026-10-12
doi:10.1007/s11367-025-02469-0
Strawbale buildings as carbon sinks: influence of the design and construction process on carbon emissions
No wood-domain term (wood, timber, lumber, softwood, hardwood, cladding or a species name) in title or abstract.
Wood-domain rule · WI-EV v1.2.0 · 2026-10-12
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1363/1/012036
LCA standards for environmental product assessments in the bioeconomy with a focus on biogenic carbon: A systematic review
No wood-domain term (wood, timber, lumber, softwood, hardwood, cladding or a species name) in title or abstract.
Wood-domain rule · WI-EV v1.2.0 · 2026-10-12
doi:10.1007/s11367-024-02387-7
4. Life-cycle assessment
No wood-domain term (wood, timber, lumber, softwood, hardwood, cladding or a species name) in title or abstract.
Wood-domain rule · WI-EV v1.2.0 · 2026-10-12
doi:10.11129/9783955533953-005
Life-Cycle Assessment
No wood-domain term (wood, timber, lumber, softwood, hardwood, cladding or a species name) in title or abstract.
Wood-domain rule · WI-EV v1.2.0 · 2026-10-12
doi:10.1515/9783035608632-012
Policy implications of time-differentiated climate change analysis in life cycle assessment of building elements in Aotearoa New Zealand
The available abstract does not identify timber or wood among the assessed building assemblies.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.2.0 · 2026-10-12
doi:10.1007/s11367-025-02444-9
Cold-Press Manufacturing of Laminated Bamboo and Bamboo–Timber Composites for Sustainable Construction: A Life-Cycle Carbon Assessment
The assessment is cradle-to-gate and focuses primarily on laminated bamboo composites, not service-life timber storage.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.2.0 · 2026-10-12
doi:10.20944/preprints202604.1187.v1
Insulation Cork Boards—Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of an Organic Construction Material
The assessed construction product is cork insulation rather than timber.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.2.0 · 2026-10-12
doi:10.3390/ma9050394
Biogenic Carbon and Temporary Storage Addressed with Dynamic Life Cycle Assessment
The case study concerns a wooden chair rather than long-lived timber construction products.
Classifier · WI-EV v1.2.0 · 2026-10-12
doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00503.x
Environmental potential of fungal insulation: a prospective life cycle assessment of mycelium-based composites
No wood-domain term (wood, timber, lumber, softwood, hardwood, cladding or a species name) in title or abstract.
Wood-domain rule · WI-EV v1.2.0 · 2026-10-12
doi:10.1007/s11367-023-02243-0
Stance classification is automated and reviewed against each record's own abstract; it is a reading of the literature, not a measurement. The Evidence strength is a rule-based function of indexed metadata under method WI-EV v1.7.0 and does not constitute proof of the statement.
Each claim keeps a permanent URL and a version number. Cite the version you read — earlier conclusions stay visible in the revision history above.
WoodIntel. (2026). Long-lived timber construction products deliver a net biogenic carbon storage benefit over the building service life. (Evidence Engine WI-EV v1.7.0, claim version 21). Retrieved 2026-11-02, from https://woodintel.io/evidence/timber-biogenic-carbon-storage
@misc{woodintel_timber_biogenic_carbon_storage_2026,
title = {Long-lived timber construction products deliver a net biogenic carbon storage benefit over the building service life.},
author = {{WoodIntel}},
year = {2026},
note = {Evidence Engine WI-EV v1.7.0, claim version 21, accessed 2026-11-02},
url = {https://woodintel.io/evidence/timber-biogenic-carbon-storage}
}curl https://woodintel.io/api/public/v1/evidence?claim=timber-biogenic-carbon-storage
Returns the score, the indexed studies with stance and grade, the contradictions, the timeline and the full revision history. Open under CC BY 4.0 — API documentation.